What Is Cyber Forensics? A Beginner’s Guide for Cybersecurity Students: Skills, Tools and Career Paths
From tracing a ransomware trail to recovering deleted evidence, cyber forensics is where technical skill meets digital detective work. It’s a discipline at the heart of modern cybercrime response, and the demand for skilled professionals in cyber security and cyber forensics is stronger now than ever before.
So, what exactly is cyber forensics? How does it differ from digital forensics? And what kind of tools and skills do cybersecurity students need to get started?
Let’s break it down.
What Is Cyber Forensics – and How Does It Relate to Cyber Security?
Cyber forensics (also known as computer forensics or digital forensics) is the practice of uncovering and analysing digital evidence following a cyber incident. Think of it as the investigative arm of cybersecurity – coming in after an attack, piecing together what happened and helping organisations respond.
If cybersecurity is about prevention, cyber forensics is about resolution.
Say a system’s been hacked, or data’s been stolen. Forensics helps determine how it happened, who was behind it and what data was exposed. It’s technical, but also narrative. Every investigation tells a story.
But here’s where it gets interesting. Cyber forensics isn’t just about computers…
Cyber Forensics vs Digital Forensics: What’s the Difference?
Cyber forensics is actually a specialised slice of digital forensics, zooming in on network-based crimes – hacking, data breaches, online fraud. Broader digital forensics might tackle any device – even physical evidence from crime scenes – but cyber forensics thrives in the murky waters of the internet.
People often use the two terms interchangeably. And in some cases, that’s fine. But technically speaking, there’s a difference:
- Digital forensics is the broader field – it covers everything from phones and hard drives to USB sticks and CCTV systems.
- Cyber forensics focuses specifically on online crimes and network-based incidents: data breaches, unauthorised access, malware, phishing scams. That kind of thing.
Most professionals work across both, but understanding the distinction helps you tailor your expertise.
Why Cyber Forensics Is More Relevant Than Ever
The rise of remote work, cloud computing and increasingly sophisticated cyber threats has expanded the scope of cyber forensics jobs to almost every industry. It’s not just about tracking hackers. It’s about regulatory compliance, internal investigations and even litigation.
Cyber forensic experts might be asked to:
- Trace the source of a ransomware attack
- Prove insider data theft
- Reconstruct deleted communications in a legal dispute
Recent high-profile cases like the 2025 ByBit hack – believed to be the biggest cryptocurrency heist in history – show that the stakes are higher than ever. But the demand isn’t limited to global headlines – it’s everywhere, from healthcare providers to financial institutions.
Key Types of Cyber Forensics (and the Tools Behind Them)
Forensics isn’t one-size-fits-all. There are several different types of cyber forensics, each with their own focus:
- Network Forensics – Analysing traffic logs to detect intrusions
- Email Forensics – Tracing spoofed or phishing emails
- Malware Forensics – Understanding how malicious code behaves
- File System Forensics – Recovering deleted or hidden data
To do all this, professionals rely on cyber forensics tools like:
- EnCase – Often used by law enforcement for imaging and secure evidence handling
- FTK (Forensic Toolkit) – Known for speed and efficiency in large investigations
- Wireshark – A go-to for analysing suspicious network behaviour
These tools don’t just find problems, they’re the backbone of the job. They help cyber forensic experts build defensible, documented case reports used in audits, disciplinary actions or even court.
What Can You Do With a Cyber Forensics Degree?
The academic foundation of a cyber forensic degree helps you move from enthusiast to professional. At Gisma, our programmes are designed to help you build a career in cyber forensics, including modules on:
- Cybersecurity and Digital Risk Management
- Data Management and Protection
- Cryptology
- Cyber Forensics
Where can this lead? Roles might include:
- Digital Forensics Analyst – Recovering and analysing digital evidence
- Incident Response Specialist – Leading technical investigations during breaches
- Cybercrime Investigator – Supporting law enforcement and regulatory bodies
- Cybersecurity Consultant – Advising businesses on prevention and response strategies
Salaries vary but, in Germany, an entry-level cyber forensics salary can often exceed €50,000 a year.
How to Start a Career in Cyber Forensics
So how do you break in?
There’s no single route, but the essentials are clear:
- Get qualified – A degree in cybersecurity, IT or digital forensics gives you the grounding.
- Practise your skills – Use online labs like TryHackMe or Hack The Box to build hands-on experience.
- Get certified – Options include:
- CHFI (Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator)
- GCFA (GIAC Certified Forensic Analyst)
- Build a portfolio – Create mock reports, document your lab work, show your methodology.
- Get connected – Join industry groups like ISACA and ISC². You’ll learn faster and spot job opportunities earlier.
Ready to Take the First Step? Study Cybersecurity and Forensics at Gisma
If you’re serious about a career in cyber forensics, the right training makes all the difference.
At Gisma, the MSc Business Management & Cybersecurity blends technical learning with business-focused modules. You’ll develop the analytical skills employers need – while understanding how cybersecurity fits into broader organisational strategy.
Study in Germany’s fast-growing tech sector. Learn from seasoned academics and industry professionals. And graduate with a future-proof skill set that’s in high demand across the world.
FAQs
What is cyber forensics and how does it work?
Cyber forensics is the process of collecting, analysing and preserving digital evidence from cyber incidents such as hacking or malware attacks. It involves using specialised tools to trace activity across networks and devices. This evidence is often used to understand the breach, support legal proceedings or improve cyber security measures.
What is the role of a cyber forensic expert?
A cyber forensic expert investigates digital crimes by examining data from computers, mobile devices and networks. They use forensic tools to uncover how an attack occurred and who was responsible. Their work helps organisations respond to cyber threats and ensures digital evidence is admissible in court.
Is cyber forensics a good career for students?
Yes, cyber forensics is a fast-growing career path with strong demand across industries like law enforcement, finance and tech. It offers opportunities to solve real-world problems while protecting systems from future threats. For students interested in cyber security, it’s a dynamic and impactful field to pursue.
What skills do I need to learn cyber forensics?
You’ll need strong analytical thinking, attention to detail and a solid understanding of operating systems and networks. Skills in file system analysis, malware detection and using cyber forensics tools like EnCase or FTK are essential. Communication skills are also key for reporting findings clearly and accurately.
What is computer forensics in cyber security?
Computer forensics focuses on recovering and analysing data from computers and storage devices as part of a cyber security investigation. It involves identifying deleted, hidden or altered files to support legal or internal inquiries. This discipline plays a crucial role in responding to breaches and cybercrimes.
What is digital forensics in cyber security?
Digital forensics is the broader field that includes analysing data from any digital device – computers, smartphones, networks and cloud systems. In cyber security, it helps organisations understand how breaches occurred and recover valuable evidence. It’s essential for both preventative strategies and post-incident investigations.
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